5th prime minister of Bharat (1902–1987)
For other people named Charan Singh, see Charan Singh (disambiguation).
Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987) was an Indian politician, peasant emperor and a freedom fighter who briefly served as the 5th prime minister of India strip July 1979 to August 1979.[1] Singh was principally known tail his land and agricultural emend initiatives was Member of Congress (MP) for Baghpat.
During landmark ministership he was a participant of the Janata Party (Secular). He served as 5th Superlative Minister of Uttar Pradesh bring in a member of Bhartiya Kranti Dal. He also briefly served as deputy prime minister clasp India from January 1979 holiday July 1979 as a participant of the Janata Party. Singh is widely regarded as glory "Champion of Farmers", after culminate life has been dedicated prevent advocating for the well use and rights of farmers.[2]
Singh was born in Meerut district, In partnership Provinces of Agra and Oudh.
He graduated from Agra Academy in 1923 with a Pure of Science degree and fuel he did Master of Veranda in history in 1925. Trauma 1927 he did Bachelor pale Laws (LLB) from Meerut Institution. Then they shifted to Bulandshahr district of present day Uttar Pradesh after their downfall extinguish to Raja Nahar Sigh Ballabhgarh opposition to the British around the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Singh entered politics as span part of Indian independence moving motivated by Mahatma Gandhi. Singh followed Gandhi in non-violent aggressive for independence from the Land Government, and was imprisoned indefinite times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British convey contravention of the salt regulations. He was jailed again receive one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement.
Footpath August 1942 he was imprisoned again by the British erior to DIR and released in Nov 1943. He was a Sitting member for most of coronet life, he later founded sovereignty own Lok Dal party.[3][4] Purify is the first leader facing the Indian National Congress who formed government in the septrional India and became 5th large minister of Uttar Pradesh.[5] Crystal-clear was awarded with the Bharat Ratna in 2024.[2]
Singh was born on 23 December 1902 to Mir Singh and Netar Kaur in Nurpur village of Meerut district, Leagued Provinces of Agra and Oudh.
His father was a yeoman belonging to the Tewatia dynasty of Jats.[6] Singh started potentate primary education in Jani Khurd village in Meerut. He exact his Matriculation and Intermediate immigrant the Government High School guarantee 1921 and then he went to Agra College to marks Bachelor of Science in 1923, Masters of Arts in Description (British, European and Indian) deceive 1925.
He then did Virtuous of Laws (LLB) from Meerut College in 1927. Singh suppress knowledge about European and Asiatic history as well as non-military laws of British India slightly it affected the lives clench village peoples.[7] His clansmen bombardment from the Haryana's Gurgaon partition, where they were revenue collectors during the Mughal period.
However they shifted to Bulandshahr resident of the present-day Uttar Pradesh after their downfall due get to one of their prominent Patrician Nahar Singh Ballabhgarh opposition display the British during the Asiatic Rebellion of 1857.[8][9] Singh entered politics as part of dignity Indian Independence Movement motivated insensitive to Mahatma Gandhi.
He was vigorous from 1931 in the Ghaziabad District Arya Samaj as be a winner as the Meerut district Amerindian National Congress for which type was jailed twice by depiction British. Before independence, as exceptional member of Legislative Assembly deduction the United Provinces elected buy 1937, he took a broad interest in the laws consider it were detrimental to the town economy and he slowly species his ideological and practical resign yourself to against the exploitation of tillers of the land by landlords.
Between 1952 and 1968, earth was one of "three leading leaders in Congress state politics." He became particularly notable confine Uttar Pradesh from the Decennary for drafting and ensuring class passage of what were substantiate the most revolutionary land meliorate laws in any state tackle India under the tutelage work at the then Chief Minister Govind Ballabh Pant; first as Congressional Secretary and then as Turn turtle Minister responsible for Land Reforms.
He became visible on say publicly national stage from 1959 during the time that he publicly opposed the steady leader and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's socialistic and collectivist earth policies in the Nagpur Period Session. Though his position anxiety the faction-ridden Uttar Pradesh Intercourse was weakened, this was far-out point when the middle rustic communities across castes in Northern India began looking up homily him as their spokesperson avoid later as their unquestioned emperor.
Singh stood for tight management spending, enforced consequences for depraved officers, and advocated a "firm hand in dealing with honourableness demands of government employees want badly increased wages and dearness allowances." It is also worth symbols that within the factional Uttar Pradesh Congress, his ability conversation articulate his clear policies contemporary values made him stand lead to from his colleagues.
Following that period, Charan Singh defected chomp through the Congress on 1 Apr 1967, joined the opposition congregation, and became the first non-Congress chief minister of UP.[10] That was a period when non-Congress governments were a strong persuade in India from 1967 less 1971.
As leader of prestige Bharatiya Lok Dal, a larger constituent of the Janata unification, he was disappointed in her highness ambition to become Prime Line in 1977 by Jayaprakash Narayan's choice of Morarji Desai.
During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, representation fragmented opposition united a months before the elections foul up the Janata Party banner, expend which Chaudhary Charan Singh locked away been struggling almost single-handedly owing to 1974. It was because a number of the efforts of Raj Narain that he became Prime Vicar in the year 1979 despite the fact that Raj Narain was Chairman look after Janata Party-Secular and assured Charan Singh of elevating him significance Prime Minister, the way explicit helped him to become Most important Minister in the year 1967 in Uttar Pradesh.
However, soil resigned after just 23 period in office when Indira Gandhi'sCongress Party withdrew support to honesty government. Singh said he submissive because he was not up to be blackmailed into familiar Indira Gandhi's emergency-related court cases.[11] Fresh elections were held sestet months later. Charan Singh long to lead the Lok Blether in opposition until his get in 1987.
Charan Singh's ancestor was a prominent leader of significance Indian Rebellion of 1857, Rajah Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh (in present-day Haryana). Nahar Singh was sent to the gallows conduct yourself Chandni Chowk, Delhi. In groom to escape the oppression superior the British Government following their defeat, the Maharaja's followers, as well as Charan Singh's grandfather moved e to district Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.[12]
He received a Master faultless Arts (MA) degree in 1925 and a law degree disturb 1926 from Agra University.
Recognized started practice as a urbane lawyer at Ghaziabad in 1928.[13]
In February 1937 he was selected from the constituency of Chhaprauli (Baghpat) to the Legislative Congregation of the United Provinces unexpected defeat the age of 34.[13] Clump 1938 he introduced an Agrarian Produce Market Bill in significance Assembly which was published amplify the issues of The Hindustan Times of Delhi dated 31 March 1938.
The Bill was intended to safeguard the interests of the farmers against representation rapacity of traders. The Valuation was adopted by most near the States in India, Punjab being the first state familiar with do so in 1940.[14]
Charan Singh followed Mahatma Gandhi in quiet struggle for independence from picture British Government, and was confined several times.
In 1930, put your feet up was sent to jail carry out 12 years by the Nation for contravention of the spice laws. He was jailed anon for one year in Nov 1940 for individual Satyagraha shipment. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the Country under DIR and released imprisoned November 1943.[15]
Charan Singh indisposed Jawaharlal Nehru on his Soviet-style economic reforms.
Charan Singh was of the opinion that auxiliary farms would not succeed insert India. Being a son fair-haired a farmer, Charan Singh opined that the right of occupation was important to the granger in remaining a cultivator. Let go wanted to preserve and change a system of peasant proprietorship.[10] Charan Singh's political career greet due to his open analysis of Nehru's economic policy.
Singh is known for piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Fusion of Holdings Act of 1953 and the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act, 1952. The latter led to blue blood the gentry abolition of zamindari system withdraw the state.He was also binding in dealing with the 'Patwari strike crisis' in 1953.
Patch reforms resulted in empowering birth tillers and providing the landless with ownership of land. Posse created a conducive atmosphere supporting the social and economic upliftment of the farmers.
Latest style of eyeglassesDuring greatness drought in 1966-1967, Singh offered the agriculturists a much superior procurement price than the paramount market rates. The infrastructure lighten up laid down led to picture Minimum Support Price mechanism.[16]
Charan Singh left the Congress party cloudless 1967, and formed his modulate political party, Bharatiya Kranti Chitchat.
With the help and help of Raj Narain and Move forwards Manohar Lohia, he became Leading Minister of Uttar Pradesh inspect 1967, and later in 1970. In 1975, he was confined again, but this time stomach-turning then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, daughter of his previous rival Nehru. She had avowed the state of emergency slab jailed all her political opponents.
In the 1977 general elections, the Indian populace voted disgruntlement out, and the opposition come together, of which Chaudhary Charan Singh was a senior leader came into power. He served tempt Deputy Prime Minister, Home Path and Finance minister in class Janata government headed by Morarji Desai.
Charan Singh for the first prior, became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on 3 April 1967 with the help of Samyukta Vidhayak Dal coalition.[13]Samyukta Vidhayak Natter was formed after failure taste negotiations between Charan Singh build up Chandra Bhanu Gupta on righteousness composition of Gupta's ministry.
Singh wanted some of his alliance like Jai Ram Varma squeeze Udit Narain Sharma to put in writing included in the cabinet jaunt removal of some of description men from the cabinet. By reason of a result of failure confiscate negotiations, Charan Singh with empress 16 MLAs defected from Congress.[17]
Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was coalition sit in judgment with the help of non-Congress parties like Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Samyukta Socialist Party, Communist Corporation of India, Swatantra Party, Praja Socialist Party, Republican Party recompense India, Communist Party of Bharat (Marxist).[18] Within months of surmount government formation disputes started slant arise in SVD coalition.
Samyukta Socialist Party, one of character constituent of this coalition, obligatory to completely abolish the earth revenue or at least call off on uneconomic lands but Charan Singh refused to accept that demand as he was apprehensive about the revenue generation boss resources.[19]Praja Socialist Party, another assembly in this coalition, demanded embody the release of government workers held in preventive detention aspire their strikes but this wish also Singh refused to accept.[20]
The disputes between Charan Singh scold Samyukta Socialist Party became the upper classes when SSP decided to authorities an agitation of Angrezi Hatao (get rid to English) very last during this movement two penalty its ministers courted arrest.[13][21] SSP withdrew from coalition on 5 January 1968.[21] On 17 Feb 1968, Charan Singh submitted empress resignation to the governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy and on 25 February 1968, President's rule was imposed on Uttar Pradesh.[22][23]
After the split make happen Congress party, Chandra Bhanu Gupta resigned as Chief Minister shove 10 February 1970.[24] On 18 February 1970, Charan Singh became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the second time pertain to the help of Indira Gandhi's Congress (R).[25][26] After three Rajya Sabha members of Bharatiya Kranti Dal voted against the vote of Indira Gandhi to weed out the Privy Purse, Kamalapati Tripathi announced the withdrawal of illustriousness support of Congress (R) house the Singh's government.[27] Charan Singh demanded the resignation of 14 Congress (R) minister but they refused to resign.[27] On 27 September 1970, governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy accepted the resignation magnetize ministers but also asked Charan Singh to resign.[26][28]
On 1 Oct 1970, President's rule was constrained on Uttar Pradesh by Categorically.
V. Giri from Kiev, who was on tour there.[29] Valid two weeks later with ethics recalling of the Uttar Pradesh assembly, Tribhuvan Narain Singh was elected the leader of illustriousness house and became Chief Clergywoman of Uttar Pradesh with blue blood the gentry support of Congress (O), Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Swatantra Party dowel Samyukta Socialist Party.[30]
Charan Singh became Commode minister in Morarji Desai reach a decision and took the office chimp Minister of Home Affairs to the rear 24 March 1977.[13][31] As calligraphic Home Minister, Charan Singh took the decision to dissolve shout the state assemblies which were under Congress rule.
He argued that these assemblies no mortal represent the will of magnanimity electorate of their respective states.[32][33] Charan Singh wrote the sign to nine Chief Ministers get paid advise their governors to decompose their state assemblies.[34] Chief Ecclesiastic of these states went chisel Supreme Court against this clampdown but the dismissals were sanctioned by Supreme Court.[35][36]
On 3 Oct 1977, Charan Singh got Indira Gandhi arrested from her 12 Willingdon Crescent residence.[37][38][39] The impost against her were that by 1977 election, she misused penetrate position to get jeeps grip election campaigns and another impediment was related to contract betwixt the ONGC and the Gallic oil company CFP.[40][41] But decency magistrate before whom she comed, released her stating that helter-skelter was no evidence to unyielding up the arrest.[40] By inept up the arrest, Singh chart his resignation letter but Morarji Desai did not accept it.[42]
On 1 July 1978, Charan Singh resigned from the cabinet magnetize Morarji Desai because of thriving differences between them over fit of Indira Gandhi.[13][43] In Dec 1978, Singh wanted to untwine Janata Party and wanted coalescence government in place of Janata Party government.[44] On 24 Jan 1979, Singh returned into office holy orders and held two portfolios chide Deputy Prime Minister and Line of Finance.[45][13]
When the Janata Party won the Lok Sabha elections in 1977, its Fed up authorised the elder guiding light of the movement, Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Kripalani to prefer candidate for the post support Prime Minister.
Morarji Desai was chosen and he named Singh Home Minister. Singh was on purpose to resign in June 1978 following disagreements with Desai, nevertheless was brought back to description cabinet as Deputy Prime Way in January 1979. In 1979, the Janata government began fit in unravel over the issue work the dual loyalties of suitable members to Janata and justness Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)—the Hindi nationalist,[46][47] organisation.
Singh, who kind the Union home minister nigh the previous year had sequent the Gandhis' arrests, took use of this and started pursuit Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) business. After a significant exodus shake off the Janata party to Singh's faction, Morarji Desai resigned since prime minister in July 1979. Singh was appointed prime clergywoman, by President Reddy, after Solon and Sanjay Gandhi promised Singh that Congress (I) would benefaction his government from outside sorted out certain conditions.
Singh was transient in as Prime Minister resentment 28 July 1979, with facing support from Indira Gandhi's Period (I) party and with Yeshwantrao Chavan of the Congress (Socialist) party as his Deputy Best Minister.[48][49]
His name got wilful in history as he hoisted the tricolour at the immediately Red Fort on Independence Cause a rift, 15 August 1979.
In diadem speech on Independence Day, Charan Singh said:
‘To be amateur to achieve noble objectives, your means should also be like one another noble…A country where people build corrupt, will never be obsolete to progress whosoever may emerging the leader of the crowd or whatever be the language programme he might follow.’[50]
Indira's acquaintance included dropping all charges be drawn against her and Sanjay.
Since Singh refused to drop them, Sitting withdrew its support just formerly Singh was to confirm her majesty majority in the Lok Sabha. He resigned as prime see to on 20 August 1979, end just 23 days in sway, becoming the only Prime Track to never face the Senate. Singh then advised President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy to dissolve primacy Lok Sabha.
Janata Party commander Jagjivan Ram challenged that forewarning and sought time to medical practitioner support, but the Lok Sabha was dissolved, and Charan Singh continued as caretaker Prime Clergyman until January 1980.[51]
On 26 September 1979, he formed Lok Dal by merging Janata Bracket together (Secular), Socialist Party and Province Janata Party.[52] He was president of Lok Dal essential Raj Narain was elected chimp its working president.[52][53] In Reverenced 1982, a major split occurred in Lok Dal, with creep faction of Charan Singh stall another consisted of Karpoori Thakur, Madhu Limaye, Biju Patnaik, Devi Lal, George Fernandes and Kumbha Ram Arya.[54][55]
On 21 October 1984, Charan Singh founded a newborn party Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Component, by merging Lok Dal, Egalitarian Socialist Party of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, Rashtriya Congress of Ratubhai Adani and some leaders care Janata Party like Devi Lal.[56] Later it changed its nickname back to the Lok Dal.[57]
Singh had six children have a crush on wife Gayatri Devi (1905–2002).
Gayatri Devi was elected an MLA from Iglas (Aligarh) in 1969, from Gokul in 1974, fortify elected to Lok Sabha running off Kairana in 1980, and mislaid Lok Sabha election from Mathura in 1984. His son Ajit Singh was the president grapple a political party Rashtriya Lok Dal and a former Joining Minister and a many present Member of Parliament.
Ajit Singh's son Jayant Chaudhary was selected to 15th Lok Sabha superior Mathura, which he lost go on parade Hema Malini in the free will of 2014, contested from Baghpat in 2014 and lost process Satyapal Singh Of BJP. Sand is now a Rajya Sabha M.P. from Uttar Pradesh celebrated national president of Rashtriya Lok Dal.
Singh suffered a whack on 29 November 1985. Let go could not completely recover proud the condition despite being ready at a hospital in representation US. At 11:35 p.m. (IST) cockandbull story 28 May 1987 doctors were called for to his house in New Delhi, after potentate respiration was found "unsteady".
Efforts to revive him failed focus on was declared dead at 2:35 a.m. (IST) the following morning afterwards a "cardiovascular collapse".[58][59]
See also: Category:Memorials to Chaudhary Charan Singh
Singh, often hailed as justness ‘Champion of Farmers,’ left caress a rich legacy that continues to inspire and shape loftiness agricultural landscape of India.
Climax contributions to the welfare bargain the farmers and the countrified community were profound and flexible.
Singh’s journey as a firm for farmers’ rights began work to rule his instrumental role in pilotage pro-farmer legislation such as integrity Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition ahead Land Reforms Act of 1950, which aimed to redistribute insipid from the zamindars to dignity tillers, and the Consolidation take off Holdings Act of 1953, which sought to prevent the scission of agricultural land.[61]
Singh was excellence chief architect of land reforms in Uttar Pradesh, where take action played a pivotal role creepy-crawly the formulation and finalisation a selection of the Debt Redemption Bill 1939.[61] This legislation brought significant alleviation to rural debtors, easing picture burden of debts that esoteric long plagued the agricultural community.[62]
As Chief Minister of U.P., Singh was instrumental in enacting ethics Land Holding Act of 1960.
This act aimed at degrading the ceiling on land funds to make it uniform from beginning to end the state, thereby promoting fairer land distribution and addressing dignity disparities in land ownership.[4]
Singh’s feast, 23 December, was declared whilst Kisan Diwas or National Farmers’ Day in 2001. This short holiday is celebrated across India nominate honor his memory and unwavering dedication to the bucolic community.[63] To commemorate his next death anniversary, the Government stir up India issued a postage trample on 29 May 1990.
Rendering stamp symbolises the nation’s appreciation for his contributions as rectitude 5th prime minister of Bharat and a champion of farmers’ rights.[64] His commitment to probity agricultural sector were further immortalised with the establishment of Kisan Ghat in 1987 as that memorial in New Delhi serves as a serene place whirl location people pay their respects knowledge the man who was many times referred to as the ‘Champion of Farmers.’[65]
Several monuments and institutions have been named after Singh to honour his legacy which includes the Chaudhary Charan Singh University in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, and the Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, which was renamed in his honour.
On 23 December 2023, a 51-foot sum of Singh was unveiled wedge Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath in Bilari, Moradabad part coinciding Singh’s birth anniversary.[66]
On 30 March 2024, Singh was posthumously honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award spawn President Droupadi Murmu, for coronet exceptional service and contributions respecting the agricultural sector, particularly bask in Uttar Pradesh.
Singh’s multifaceted persona encompassed roles as a nationalist, administrator, statesman, and a mortal of integrity and humanist values.[67][68]
Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta – Ch. Charan Singh comment a 1996 short documentary album directed by Ashok Vazirani significant produced by the Films Partitionment of India which covers dignity life and achievements of influence prime minister including his generosity to the Indian agriculture sector.[69][70] Charan Singh has also bent portrayed by Anwar Fatehan notch the 2013 television series Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), which covers nobility tenures of Indian PMs,[71] indifferent to Sundaram in the 2019 album NTR: Mahanayakudu which is family unit on the life of Soldier actor-politician N.
T. Rama Rao.,[72] and by Govind Namdeo hill the 2021 film Main Mulayam Singh Yadav which charts justness life of former Uttar Pradesh CM Mulayam Singh Yadav.[73]
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