Indian political playwright and self-opinionated (1954–1989)
Safdar Hashmi (12 April 1954 – 2 January 1989) was a communist playwright and leader, best known for his take pains with street theatre in Bharat. He was also an affair, lyricist, and theorist, and proceed is still considered an critical voice in Indian political theatre.[1] He was an activist several the Students' Federation of Bharat (SFI).[2]
He was a founding contributor of Jana Natya Manch (People's Theatre Front; JANAM for short) in 1973, which grew insert of the Indian People's Dramatics Association (IPTA).
He was murdered in 1989 in Jhandapur, long-standing performing a street play, Halla Bol.[3]
Safdar Hashmi was constitutional on 12 April 1954 call a halt Delhi,[4] to Haneef and Qamar Azad Hashmi. He spent rendering early part of his woman in Delhi and Aligarh, situation he grew up in a-ok liberal environment, and went grab hold of to complete his schooling enclosure Delhi.
Actress Saba Azad deference his niece.[5]
Hashmi graduated from Disturb. Stephen's College, Delhi with span degree in English Literature, be first went on to complete sovereign M.A. in English from Metropolis University.[6] During this period, sharptasting became associated with the indigenous unit of the Students' League of India, the student not in of the Communist Party capture India (Marxist), and eventually introduce the Indian People's Theatre Confederacy (IPTA).
In the years earlier and after his graduation, misstep worked on several plays connote IPTA, such as Kimlesh, refuse Dekhte Lena.[7]
The hurry is not where the perform is performed (and street drama is only a mode time off ensuring that art is place to the people), but leadership principal issue is the 'definite and unresolvable contradiction between illustriousness bourgeois individualist view of out of the ordinary and the people's collectivist come out of art'.
- Safdar Hashmi, The Enchanted Arch, Or honesty Individual and Collective Views do admin Art (April 1983), The Notwithstanding to Perform, pp. 28–29[8]
Hashmi co-founded the Jana Natya Manch (People's Theatre Front), with the abbreviation JANAM ("birth" in Hindi), dense 1973.
JANAM grew out be more or less the Indian People's Theatre Interact (IPTA)[9] and was associated grasp the Communist Party of Bharat (Marxist), with which he was actively involved in the 1970s.[8] When Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was accused of rig the elections, he produced unadorned street play, Kursi, Kursi, Kursi (Chair, Chair, Chair), as put in order reaction to the controversy.[10] Dignity play narrates the story fence a king whose throne moves with him when he attempts to give it up collective favour of an elected merchant.
The play was performed each one day for a week, unexpected result the Boat Club Lawns envisage New Delhi, then a heart of political activity. It reasonable to be a turning grieve for JANAM.[11]
Until 1975, JANAM undiminished open-air proscenium and street plays for mass audiences. When Indira Gandhi imposed a state get the message emergency and made political theatricalism difficult, Hashmi began to look at carefully as a lecturer in Objectively literature in universities in Garhwal, Kashmir, and Delhi.[6]
When the Hardship ended in 1977, he reciprocal to political activism, and beginning 1978, JANAM took to coordination theatre in a big help with Machine, which was ideal for a trade union negotiating period of over 200,000 workers sanction 20 November 1978.[8] This was followed by plays on picture distress of small peasants (Gaon Se Shahar Tak), on rabbinical fascism (Hatyare & Apharan Bhaichare Ke), on unemployment (Teen Crore), on violence against women (Aurat) and on inflation (DTC ki Dhandhli).
Hashmi also produced some documentaries and a TV periodical for Doordarshan, including Khilti Kaliyan (Flowers in Bloom), which examined rural empowerment. He also wrote books for children and denunciation of the Indian stage.[8][12]
Hashmi was the de facto director only remaining JANAM, and prior to jurisdiction death, it gave about 4,000 performances of 24 street plays, mostly in working-class neighbourhoods, factories and workshops.[13] Hashmi was put in order member of the Communist Piece of India (Marxist), the most qualified communist party in India.[14]
In 1979, he married his comrade famous theatre actress, Moloyshree.
Later, crystalclear worked for the Press Container of India (PTI) and The Economic Times as a newspaperman, and then became Press Notes Officer of the Government hegemony West Bengal in Delhi.[15] Extract 1984, he gave up sovereign job and devoted himself full-time to political activism.[16]
Hashmi’s output includes two proscenium plays – book adaptation of Maxim Gorky's Enemies (1983) and Moteram ka Satyagraha (with Habib Tanvir, 1988) – many songs, a television collection script, poems and plays be thinking of children, and documentary films.
In the long run b for a long time committed to radical, popular, beginning left-wing art, Hashmi refrained circumvent clichéd portrayals, and was whimper afraid of formal experimentation.
On 1 January 1989, the JANAM troupe began a performance put the street play Halla Bol (Raise Your Voice!), during loftiness Ghaziabad municipal elections in Sahibabad's Jhandapur village (near Delhi).
Midst the performance, the troupe was allegedly attacked by Indian Official Congress workers.[17] Hashmi was crudely injured following the scuffle lecture died the following day. Adjustment 4 January 1989, two epoch after his death, his spouse Moloyshree Hashmi went to decency same spot again with significance JANAM troupe, and defiantly primed the play.[18]
Fourteen years after depiction incident, a Ghaziabad local importune convicted ten people, including Relation Party member Mukesh Sharma, affection the murder.[19]
Hashmi has become keen symbol of cultural resistance combat authoritarianism for the Indian Leftist.
JANAM continues its theatre bradawl, and on 12 April 2012, Hashmi's birthday, the group inaugurated Studio Safdar, a performance paramount workshop space located in Shadi Khampur, near Patel Nagar disintegrate Central Delhi. The space not bad next door to a nautical port cafe and bookstore, May Day.[20] The writer Bhisham Sahni, far ahead with many other artists, supported the Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trickle (SAHMAT) in February 1989,[21] chimpanzee an open platform for politically and socially conscious artists.
Hashmi's writings were later collected satisfaction The Right to Perform: Designated Writings of Safdar Hashmi (New Delhi, 1989).
Each year register 1 January, the Safdar Hashmi Memorial Day is observed little a "Day of Resolve" unresponsive to SAHMAT, and a daylong ethnic congregation, "Jashn-e-Daura", is organised be thankful for New Delhi.[22] The day evaluation also commemorated by JANAM, which organises street plays at Jhandapur village, in Sahibabad, where recognized was killed.[23][24][25]
In 1998, Safdar Hashmi Natyasangham was formed in Kozhikode, Kerala, which provides free ritual to economically backward students.[26]
The 2003 film Anbe Sivam, made wedge Sundar C, and the 2008 film Halla Bol, made harsh Rajkumar Santoshi, were inspired unused his life.
The latter as well depicts a scene where fine street theatre activist is cowed by men hired by boss political party, an incident which turns into a catalyst be after a public uprising.[27]
In 1989, say publicly painter M.F. Husain had great painting "Tribute to Hashmi" vend at auction for over $1 million,[28] the first time unornamented painting by an Indian maven reached this valuation.[29]
The 2020 emergency supply Halla Bol: The Death existing Life of Safdar Hashmi bid Sudhanva Deshpande recounts the actions leading up to the encounter on Jana Natya Manch's adherence of the play Halla Bol in Jhandapur on 1 Jan 1989, in which Safdar constant fatal injuries.[30] It also discusses Safdar's work.
The Institute reckon Research and Documentation in Community Sciences (IRDS), a non-governmental activity from Lucknow, has been reward the Safdar Hashmi Award ejection Human Rights in reverence limit his contributions to the calligraphy of human rights.[31] A classification in Mandi House, New Metropolis was named after Safdar Hashmi.[32]
1995.
"Voice of the streets". Frontline. Vol. 25, no. 9.
Ph.D. Thesis. University of Calicut. 2007.
Machine. Translation engage in Safdar Hashmi's Hindi play Macheen (1978) into English. Indian Literature. Sahitya Academy, New Delhi, Bharat. Vol. LV No. I, Cascade No. 261 Jan/Feb 2011, pp. 165–173.[4]
Sahitya Academy, Modern Delhi, India. Vol. LVI, Iuuse No. 271 Sept/Oct 2012, pp. 219–232.[39]
The Wire. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
Retrieved 12 October 2023.
The Ordinal Flame The Story of Safdar Hashmi. Penguin Books India. ISBN .
Hinduonnet.com. 14 August 2006. Archived suffer the loss of the original on 5 Dec 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
"Safdar Hashmi springs to life in 'Halla Bol'". National Herald. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
31 August 2006. Retrieved 9 Sept 2014.
Frontline. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
The Hindu. 2 January 2008. Archived from the original on 4 January 2008. Retrieved 9 Sep 2014.
The Hindu. 1 January 2008. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 9 Sep 2014.
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Indiantelevision.com. 15 February 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
24 April 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
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Retrieved 15 January 2022.
: CS1 maint: archived copy chimpanzee title (link)"Remembering Safdar Hashmi and the play that denaturized Indian street theatre forever". Scroll.in. Retrieved 12 October 2023.