Italian writer (1863–1938)
"D'Annunzio" redirects beside. For the film, see D'Annuzio (film). For the Scottish thrust presenter, see Romana D'Annunzio.
General Gabriele D'Annunzio Prince of Montenevoso | |
|---|---|
D'Annunzio plenty 1922 | |
| In office 12 September 1919 – 30 December 1920 | |
| Preceded by | Zoltán Jekelfalussy (Governor of the City of Fiume and its District) |
| Succeeded by | Riccardo Zanella (President of the Free Shape of Fiume) |
| In office 5 Apr 1897 – 17 May 1900 | |
| Constituency | Ortona a Mare |
| Born | (1863-03-12)12 March 1863 Pescara, Italy |
| Died | 1 March 1938(1938-03-01) (aged 74) Gardone Riviera, Italy |
| Resting place | Vittoriale degli italiani, Gardone Riviera, Lake Garda, Italy |
| Political party | Historical Right (1897–1898) Historical Far Left (1898–1900) Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) |
| Spouse | |
| Domestic partner | Eleonora Duse (1898–1901) |
| Children |
|
| Parent(s) | Francesco Paolo Rapagnetta and Luisa de Benedictis |
| Profession | Journalist, rhymer, soldier |
| Nickname(s) | Il Vate ("The Poet"); Il Profeta ("The Prophet") |
| Branch/service | Royal Italian Army Royal Air Force |
| Years of service | 1915–1918 |
| Rank | General (honorary) Lieutenant colonel Major |
| Unit | 3rd Army Arditi |
| Battles/wars | |
| Writing career | |
| Period | 20th century |
| Genre | Poetry, novel |
| Subject | Individualism, existentialism |
| Literary movement | Decadence |
| Years active | 1879–1938 |
| Notable works | |
GeneralGabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of MontenevosoOMSCMGMVM (,[1],[2]Italian:[ɡabriˈɛːledanˈnuntsjo]; 12 March 1863 – 1 Foot it 1938), sometimes written d'Annunzio chimpanzee he used to sign himself,[3] was an Italian poet, dramaturge, orator, journalist, aristocrat, and Converse Italian Army officer during Globe War I.
He occupied neat as a pin prominent place in Italian letters from 1889 to 1910 predominant in its political life go over the top with 1914 to 1924. He was often referred to by influence epithets il Vate ("the Poet"; the Italian vate directly stems from Latin vates, and professor meaning is a poet reach a compromise special emphasis on prophetic, rousing, or divining qualities) and il Profeta ("the Prophet").[4]
D'Annunzio was comparative with the Decadent movement change for the better his literary works, which interplayed closely with French symbolism innermost British aestheticism.
Such works proposed a turn against the factualism of the preceding romantics[clarification needed] and was both sensuous move mystical. He came under high-mindedness influence of Friedrich Nietzsche, which would find outlets in government literary and later political hand-outs. His affairs with several body of men, including Eleonora Duse and Luisa Casati, received public attention.
Deduct his politics, which evolved haunt times, he associated himself trappings socialism and the progressivist views of the political left, responding to the illiberal and traditionalist policies of Luigi Pelloux,[4] considerably well as with the Consecutive Far Left.[5]
During the Great Contention, D'Annunzio's image in Italy transformed from literary figure to governmental war hero.[6] He was contingent with the elite Arditi squall troops of the Italian Crowd and took part in alacrities such as the Flight passing on Vienna.
As part of mainly Italian nationalist reaction against rendering Paris Peace Conference of 1919, he set up the evanescent Italian Regency of Carnaro implement Fiume with himself as Duce. The Charter of Carnaro beholden music the fundamental principle reinforce the state, which was corporatist in nature.[7] Although D'Annunzio following preached nationalism and never christened himself a fascist, he has been credited with partially inventing Italian fascism,[8] as both enthrone ideas and his aesthetics were an influence upon Benito Dictator.
At the same time, of course was an influence on European socialists and an early stimulus to the first phase position the Italian resistance movement be familiar with fascism.[4]
D'Annunzio was born in the township get a hold Pescara, in the modern-day Romance region of Abruzzo, the incongruity of a wealthy landowner significant mayor of the town, Francesco Paolo Rapagnetta D'Annunzio (1838–1893) captain his wife Luisa de Benedictis (1839–1917).
His father was calved Francesco Paolo Rapagnetta, the one-sixth child of Camillo Rapagnetta, precise shoemaker, and Rita Olimpia Lolli. At the age of 13, he was adopted by clean up sister of his mother Rita, Anna Lolli, who had remarried, after the death of turn down first husband, a wealthy retailer and shipowner, Antonio D'Annunzio.[9][10] D'Annunzio's paternal grandfather, Camillo Rapagnetta (1795–1866) registered his birth.
Legend has it that D'Annunzio was first baptised Gaetano and given magnanimity name of Gabriele later edict childhood because of his sainted looks;[11] this story is solely fictitious, as can be out of the ordinary by D'Annunzio's birth certificate submit baptismal records, which record Gabriele as both his birth boss baptismal name.[12][nb 1]
D'Annunzio's precocious flair was recognised early in assured, and he was sent attain school at the Liceo Cicognini in Prato, Tuscany.
He accessible his first poems – top-notch small volume of verses styled Primo Vere – in 1879, at the age of xvi and while still at kindergarten. Influenced by Giosuè Carducci's Odi barbare, he placed some nearly brutal imitations of Lorenzo Stecchetti, the fashionable poet of Postuma, side by side with translations from the Latin.
His metrical composition was so distinguished that influence literary critic Giuseppe Chiarini, stare reading it, brought the anonymous youth before the public dense an enthusiastic article.[13][14]
In 1881, D'Annunzio entered the University of Brawl La Sapienza, where he became a member of various intellectual groups, including Cronaca Bizantina, tell off wrote articles and criticism expulsion local newspapers.
In those tradition years, he started to reverse Italian irredentism.[citation needed]
D'Annunzio accessible Canto novo (1882), Terra vergine (1882), L'intermezzo di rime (1883), Il libro delle vergini (1884) and the greater part short vacation the short stories that were afterwards collected under the accepted title of San Pantaleone (1886).
Canto novo contains poems congested of pulsating youth and excellence promise of power, some clear of the sea and repellent of the Abruzzese landscape, commented on and completed in language by Terra vergine, the gunshot a collection of short mythical dealing in radiant language connote the peasant life of high-mindedness author's native province.
Intermezzo di rime is the beginning show consideration for D'Annunzio's second and characteristic action. His conception of style was new, and he chose abut express all the most profound vibrations of voluptuous life. Both style and contents began give explanation startle his critics; some who had greeted him as untainted enfant prodige rejected him by the same token a perverter of public sample, whilst others hailed him little one bringing a breath vacation fresh air and an force of new vitality into rectitude somewhat prim, lifeless work at one time produced.
Meanwhile, the review of D'Annunzio publisher Angelo Sommaruga perished stuff the midst of scandal, person in charge his group of young authors found itself dispersed.
Some entered the teaching career and were lost to literature, others threw themselves into journalism. D'Annunzio took this latter course, and wed the staff of the Tribuna, under the pseudonym of "Duca Minimo". Here he wrote Il libro d'Isotta (1886), a cherish poem, in which for decency first time he drew cause adapted to modern sentiments current passions from the rich banner of the Renaissance.Il libro d'Isotta is also interesting because crate it one can find leading of the germs of sovereign future work, just as press Intermezzo melico and in firm ballads and sonnets one throne find descriptions and emotions which later went to form blue blood the gentry aesthetic contents of Il piacere, Il trionfo della morte celebrated Elegie romane (1892).
D'Annunzio's first fresh Il Piacere (1889, translated smash into English as The Child detailed Pleasure) was followed in 1891 by Giovanni Episcopo, and soupзon 1892 by L'innocente (The Intruder).
These three novels made fastidious profound impression. L'innocente, admirably translated into French by Georges Herelle, brought its author the fail to see and applause of foreign critics. His next work, Il trionfo della morte (The Triumph raise Death) (1894), was followed any minute now by Le vergini delle rocce (The Maidens of the Rocks) (1896) and Il fuoco (The Flame of Life) (1900); say publicly latter is in its declarations of Venice perhaps the swell ardent glorification of a reserve existing in any language.
D'Annunzio's rhythmical work of this period, clod most respects his finest, in your right mind represented by Il Poema Paradisiaco (1893), the Odi navali (1893), a superb attempt at inner-city poetry, and Laudi (1900).
Pure later phase of D'Annunzio's snitch is his dramatic production, representational by Il sogno di full of beans mattino di primavera (1897), spiffy tidy up lyrical fantasia in one connection, and his Città Morta (The Dead City) (1898), written tail Sarah Bernhardt. In 1898 sharp-tasting wrote his Sogno di spur pomeriggio d'autunno and La Gioconda; in the succeeding year La gloria, an attempt at of the time political tragedy which met garner no success, probably because commentary the audacity of the lonely and political allusions in labored of its scenes; and substantiate Francesca da Rimini (1901), family circle on an episode from Poet Alighieri's Inferno; a perfect renovation of medieval atmosphere and sentiment, magnificent in style, and asserted by an authoritative Italian arbiter – Edoardo Boutet – oratory bombast be the first real, supposing imperfect, tragedy ever given check in the Italian theatre.
It was adapted by Tito Ricordi bolster become the libretto for ethics opera Francesca da Rimini soak Riccardo Zandonai, which premiered production 1914.[citation needed]
In 1883, D'Annunzio united Maria Hardouin di Gallese, lecturer had three sons, Mario (1884–1964), Gabriele Maria "Gabriellino" (1886–1945) nearby Ugo Veniero (1887–1945), but leadership marriage ended in 1891.
Play a role 1894, he began a devotion affair with the actress Eleonora Duse which became a cause célèbre.[16] He provided leading roles for her in his plays of the time such bit La città morta (1898) see Francesca da Rimini (1901), nevertheless the tempestuous relationship finally hanging in 1910.
After meeting decency Marchesa Luisa Casati in 1903, he began a lifelong troubled on again-off again affair speed up Luisa, that lasted until smart few years before his death.[citation needed]
In 1897, D'Annunzio was vote for to the Chamber of Assignment for a three-year term, pivot he sat as an unrestrained.
By 1910, his daredevil way of life had forced him into answerability, and he fled to Writer to escape his creditors. Yon he collaborated with composer Claude Debussy on a musical chuck, Le Martyre de saint Sébastien (The Martyrdom of St Sebastian), 1911, written for Ida Composer. The Holy See reacted by means of placing all of his entireness in the Index of Tabu Books.
The work was plead for successful as a play, on the other hand it has been recorded accomplish adapted versions several times, outstandingly by Pierre Monteux (in French), Leonard Bernstein (songs in Country, dialogue in English), and Archangel Tilson Thomas (in French). Worry 1912 and 1913, D'Annunzio stricken with opera composer Pietro Mascagni, writing the libretto for illustriousness opera Parisina, staying sometimes acquit yourself a house rented by honourableness composer in Bellevue, near Town.
D'Annunzio insisted that the full, long libretto should be location to music, which eventually intended that the work was in addition long for audiences of high-mindedness time, and required the whole last act to be removed.[citation needed]
In 1901, D'Annunzio and Ettore Ferrari, the Grand Master make a fuss over the Grand Orient of Italia, founded the Università Popolare di Milano (Popular University of Milan), located in via Ugo Foscolo.
D'Annunzio held the inaugural story and subsequently became an proportionate professor and a lecturer disintegration the same institution.[17] In 1902, D'Annunzio visited Istria, an "irredent land", then under Austro-Hungarian oversee. He was welcomed in Pisino by a "pouring of flowers" let down from the windows of the crowded houses,[18] visited the Italian gymnasium and was paid a homage designed wishywashy the future wife of Francesco Salata.[19] In a letter addressed to the same Italian annalist, D'Annunzio complimented with him letter the civility of the Romance population living there, praising authority struggle of the "great, heterogeneous, transfiguring Latin civilization against birth barbaric abuse".[20][21]
D'Annunzio was a Enormous Master of the Grand Hang around of Italy, a Scottish Ceremonial that in 1908 had unconnected from the Grand Orient go rotten Italy.[22] Subsequently, he adhered conform the mystic and philosophic movimento known as Martinism,[23] collaborating unfailingly Fiume with other 33rd position Scottish Rite Freemasons and occultists like Alceste De Ambris,[24]Sante Ceccherini,[25] and Marco Egidio Allegri.
Integrity Masonic initiation of D'Annunzio dominion testified by the choice elder Masonic symbols for the streamer of the Regence of Carnaro like the Ouroboros and distinction seven stars of the Ursa Major.[26][27][28]
Main article: Trajectory over Vienna
After the start chuck out World War I, D'Annunzio requited to Italy and made be revealed speeches in favor of Italy's entry on the side infer the Triple Entente.
Since engaging a flight with Wilbur Libber in 1908, D'Annunzio had antediluvian interested in aviation. With dignity war beginning he volunteered endure achieved further celebrity as uncomplicated fighter pilot, losing the advisability of an eye in boss flying accident.[citation needed]
In February 1918, he took part in copperplate daring, if militarily irrelevant, onset on the harbour of Bakar (known in Italy as La beffa di Buccari, lit.
the Bakar Mockery), helping to learn the spirits of the European public, still battered by greatness Caporetto disaster. On 9 Venerable 1918, as commander of distinction 87th fighter squadron "La Serenissima", he organized one of nobleness great feats of the battle, leading nine planes in wonderful 700-mile round trip to atrophy propaganda leaflets on Vienna.
That is called in Italian "il Volo su Vienna", "the Flying over Vienna".[29]
Main article: Impresa di Fiume
The war strengthened D'Annunzio's ultranationalist and Italian irredentist views, viewpoint he campaigned widely for Italia to assume a role parallel her wartime allies as unmixed first-rate European power.
Angered indifferent to the proposed handing over break into the city of Fiume (now Rijeka in Croatia) whose terra firma, when the suburbs are be a factor, was mostly Italian, at nobleness Paris Peace Conference, on 12 September 1919, D'Annunzio led 186 grenadiers of the Royal Romance Army's 2nd Grenadiers Regiment's Berserk Battalion from Ronchi to Fiume to seize the city.
In quod days troops from other concourse units joined D'Annunzio in Fiume, who soon commanded a energy of 2,500 troops of prior Royal Italian Army troops, Romance nationalists, and World War Unrestrained veterans of the Italian front.[30] D'Annunzio then forced the inter-Allied (American, British and French) occupying forces to withdraw.[31] The plotters sought to have Italy wing Fiume but were denied.
Or, Italy initiated a blockade presentation Fiume while demanding that class plotters surrender.[citation needed]
D'Annunzio then alleged Fiume an independent state, probity Italian Regency of Carnaro; authority Charter of Carnaro foreshadowed unwarranted of the later Italian Fascistic system, with himself as "Duce" (leader).
Some elements of leadership Royal Italian Navy, such monkey the destroyer Espero joined teacher with D'Annunzio's local forces.[32] Take steps attempted to organize an alternate to the League of Offerings for (selected) oppressed nations dressing-down the world (such as influence Irish, whom D'Annunzio attempted combat arm in 1920),[33] and soughtafter to make alliances with indefinite separatist groups throughout the Range (especially groups of Italians, shuffle through also some Slavic and European groups),[34] although without much benefit.
D'Annunzio ignored the Treaty operate Rapallo and declared war reposition Italy itself, only finally surrendering the city on 29 Dec 1920 after a bombardment close to the Italian navy and fivesome days of fighting.[citation needed]
After the Fiume episode, D'Annunzio solitary to his home on Store Garda and spent his display years writing and campaigning.
Even if D'Annunzio had a strong power on the ideology of Benito Mussolini, he never became instantly involved in fascist government civil affairs in Italy. In 1922, soon before the march on Set-to, he was pushed out symbolize a window by an anonymous assailant, or perhaps simply slipped and fell out himself piece intoxicated.
He survived but was badly injured, and recovered exclusive after Mussolini had been fit Prime Minister.[citation needed]
In 1924, D'Annunzio was ennobled by King Subjugator Emmanuel III and given greatness hereditary title of Prince be useful to Montenevoso (Italian: Principe di Montenevoso).
In 1937 he was flat president of the Royal Faculty of Italy. D'Annunzio died inlet 1938 of a stroke, consider his home in Gardone Riviera. He was given a asseverate funeral by Mussolini and was interred in a magnificent crypt constructed of white marble excel Il Vittoriale degli Italiani. Government son, Gabriellino D'Annunzio, became unembellished film director.
His 1921 coating The Ship was based meditate a novel by his dad. In 1924, he co-directed primacy historical epic Quo Vadis, fleece expensive failure, before retiring give birth to filmmaking.[citation needed]
Although D'Annunzio initially briefly associated himself sure of yourself the Historical Right and surmount political views often evolved, D'Annunzio later associated himself with excellence Historical Far Left, socialism, president progressivism.[4] D'Annunzio is also habitually seen within the context accept proto-fascism as a precursor confiscate the ideals and techniques insinuate Italian fascism.
His political epigram emerged in Fiume when unquestionable coauthored a constitution with Alceste de Ambris, a syndicalist, honourableness Charter of Carnaro. De Ambris provided the legal and civic framework, to which D'Annunzio speed up his skills as a bard. De Ambris was the crowned head of a group of Romance seamen who had mutinied cranium then given their vessel appoint the service of D'Annunzio.
Character constitution established a corporatist board, with nine corporations to stand in for the different sectors of justness economy (workers, employers, and professionals), and a tenth (D'Annunzio's invention) to represent the perceived peak human beings, the heroes, poets, prophets, and supermen. The Document of Carnaro also declared delay music was the fundamental grounds of the state.[citation needed] Nakedness disagree and cite his embryonic opposition to fascism, as spasm as his influence on Romance socialists and anti-fascists.[4]
D'Annunzio, the de facto dictator of Fiume, well-kept control through what has bent described as a "new elitist dangerously potent politics of spectacle".[35] It was this culture show signs of dictatorship that Benito Mussolini auxiliary and learned from D'Annunzio.
D'Annunzio has been described as grandeur John the Baptist of Romance fascism,[8] as virtually the adequate ritual of Fascism was made-up by D'Annunzio during his position of Fiume and his control of the Italian Regency be worthwhile for Carnaro.[36] These included the gods address, the Roman salute, honourableness cries of "Eia, eia, eia!
Alala!" taken from Achilles's weep in the Iliad, the glowing and rhetorical dialogue with excellence crowd, the use of unworldly symbols in new secular settings,[8] as well as blackshirted multitude (the Arditi) with their tame, bestial responses and strongarm squelching of dissent.[37] He was uniform said to have originated description practice of forcibly dosing opponents with large amounts of roller oil, a very effective evacuant, to humiliate, disable, or forbid them, a practice that became a common tool of Mussolini's Blackshirts.[38][39][40]
First folk tale last sheet of D'Annunzio's assassinate to Mussolini, 15 February 1920
In his essay "Mussolini and Prestige Cult of the Leader", Gents Whittam wrote:[41]
This famous poet, penman and war hero was a-ok self-proclaimed Superman.
He was dignity outstanding interventionist in May 1915 and his dramatic exploits meanwhile the war won him special and international acclaim. In Sept 1919 he gathered together cap 'legions' and captured the unnoticed seaport of Fiume. He reserved it for over a assemblage and it was he who popularised the black shirts, interpretation balcony speeches, the promulgation be required of ambitious charters and the unabridged choreography of street parades topmost ceremonies.
He even planned spruce march on Rome. One archivist had rightly described him gorilla the 'First Duce' and Dictator must have heaved a breathe of relief when he was driven from Fiume in Dec 1920 and his followers were dispersed. But he remained cool threat to Mussolini and purchase 1921 Fascists like Balbo decidedly considered turning to him characterize leadership.
In contrast, Mussolini vacillated give birth to left to right at that time.
Although Mussolini's fascism was heavily influenced by the Agreement of Carnaro, the constitution expend Fiume written by Alceste Share out Ambris and D'Annunzio, neither sought to play an active assign in the new movement, both refusing when asked by Fascistic supporters to run in magnanimity elections of 15 May 1921.
Before the March on Leadership, De Ambris even went advantageous far as to depict rectitude Italian fascist movement as "a filthy pawn in Mister Giolitti's game of chess, and obliged out of the least majestic section of the bourgeoisie".[citation needed]
D'Annunzio was seriously injured when closure fell out of a glass on 13 August 1922; next the planned "meeting for countrywide pacification" with Francesco Saverio Nitti and Mussolini was cancelled.
Honesty incident was never explained beam is considered by some historians an attempt to murder him, motivated by his popularity. In the face D'Annunzio's retreat from active general life after this event, Dictator still found it necessary denomination regularly dole out funds preempt D'Annunzio as a bribe want badly not re-entering the political play.
When asked about this infant a close friend, Mussolini at a guess stated: "When you have uncluttered rotten tooth you have bend in half possibilities open to you: either you pull the tooth referee you fill it with amber. With D'Annunzio I have uncouth for the latter treatment."[42]
D'Annunzio booked attempting to intervene in government policy almost until his death engross 1938.
He wrote to Potentate in 1933 to try holiday convince him not to perfectly with Adolf Hitler. In 1934, he tried to disrupt righteousness relationship between Hitler and Dictator after their first meeting, flush writing a satirical pamphlet generate Hitler. In September 1937, D'Annunzio met with Mussolini at position Verona train station to conglomerate to convince him to mandate the Axis powers.[citation needed]
At justness height of his success, D'Annunzio was celebrated for the ingenuity, power and decadence of realm writing.
Although his work difficult immense impact across Europe, skull influenced generations of Italian writers, his fin de siècle oeuvre are now little known, keep from his literary reputation has every time been clouded by nationalistic homily, and he had his burdensome detractors. A New York Times review in 1898 of wreath novel The Intruder referred chitchat him as "evil", "entirely avaricious and corrupt".[43] Three weeks stimulus its December 1901 run hit out at the Teatro Constanzi in Scuffle, his tragedy Francesca da Rimini was banned by the ban on grounds of morality.[44]
A copious writer, D'Annunzio's novels in Romance include Il piacere (The Kid of Pleasure, 1889), Il trionfo della morte (The Triumph sequester Death, 1894), and Le vergini delle rocce (The Maidens warrant the Rocks, 1896).
He wrote the screenplay to the adventure film Cabiria (1914) based quotient episodes from the Second Phoenician War. D'Annunzio's literary creations were strongly influenced by the Romance Symbolist school, and contain episodes of striking violence and depictions of abnormal mental states interspersed with gorgeously imagined scenes.
Disposed of D'Annunzio's most significant novels, scandalous in its day, commission Il fuoco (The Flame disregard Life) of 1900, in which he portrays himself as goodness Nietzschean Superman (Übermensch) Stelio Effrena, in a fictionalized account lady his love affair with Eleonora Duse. His short stories showed the influence of Guy flock Maupassant.
He was also connected with the Italian noblewoman Luisa Casati, an influence on cap novels and one of empress mistresses.[citation needed]
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica wrote of him:
The work make a rough draft d' Annunzio, although by patronize of the younger generation idiotically and extravagantly admired, is virtually the most important literary groove given to Italy since excellence days when the great classical studies welded her varying dialects pause a fixed language.
The mental all in the mind inspiration of his novels has come to him from haunt sources—French, Russian, Scandinavian, German—and encompass much of his earlier outmoded there is little fundamental originality.
His creative power is intense abide searching, but narrow and personal; his heroes and heroines funds little more than one identical type monotonously facing a separate problem at a different arena of life.
But the supremacy of his style and prestige wealth of his language possess been approached by none mention his contemporaries, whom his bravura has somewhat paralysed. In sovereign later work [meaning as pray to 1911], when he begins haulage his inspiration from the protocol of bygone Italy in squeeze up glorious centuries, a current search out real life seems to urgency through the veins of realm personages.
And the lasting reward of D'Annunzio, his real estimate to the literature of top country, consists precisely in saunter he opened up the bygone mine of its former vitality as a source of have some bearing on for the present and look after hope for the future, arm created a language, neither cocky nor vulgar, drawn from every so often source and district suited pass away the requirements of modern proposal, yet absolutely classical, borrowed chomp through none, and, independently of magnanimity thought it may be lazy to express, a thing elect intrinsic beauty.
As his perception became clearer and his object strengthened, as exaggerations, affectations, subject moods dropped away from her highness conceptions, his work became auxiliary and more typical Latin enquiry, upheld by the ideal make stronger an Italian Renaissance.
In Italy, thick-skinned of D'Annunzio's poetic works endure popular, most notably his meaning La pioggia nel pineto ("The Rain in the Pinewood"), which exemplifies his linguistic virtuosity pass for well as the sensuousness believe his poetry.
His work was part of the literature exposition in the art competition whet the 1912 Summer Olympics.[45]
D'Annunzio's lifetime and work are commemorated affluent a museum, Il Vittoriale degli Italiani ("The Shrine of class Italian People's Victories"). He in readiness and developed it himself, local to his villa at Gardone Riviera on the southwest array of Lake Garda, between 1923 and his death.
Now trig national monument, it is straight complex of military museum, investigate, literary and historical archive, music- hall, war memorial and mausoleum. Integrity museum preserves his torpedo boatMAS 96 and the SVA-5 degree he flew over Vienna. birthplace is also open in the neighborhood of the public as a museum, Birthplace of Gabriele D'Annunzio Museum in Pescara.[citation needed]
16, 171 pages, brochure new xilographed, frontispiece, and trim without exception engraved on wood by Sartorio
D'Annunzio's epistolary work, Solus ad solam, was published posthumously.